Single dose of HPV vaccine provides similar protection as multiple doses: JAMA

Introduced first in 2006, the multi-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine can prevent most cervical and anal cancers among children and young adults exposed to the virus. It can also prevent the majority of both HPV-driven oral and penile cancers. Unfortunately, the vaccine coverage has remained low may be due to the multi-dose regimen.

Researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) have found that a single dose of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine may provide just as much protection from cervical cancer as the recommended two to three doses do. The research has been published in JAMA Network Open.

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 34,800 new cancer diagnoses are linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) annually. The virus is thought to account for more than 90% of all cervical and anal cancers, more than 60% of all penile cancers, and approximately 70% of all oral cancers.

While results of the paper showed that a single dose may be as effective as the currently recommended two- or three-dose series, it's too early for people to rely on a single dose of the vaccine for protection, according to senior author Ashish A. Deshmukh, PhD, MPH, an assistant professor at UTHealth School of Public Health.

"HPV vaccine coverage is less than 10% globally because of poor vaccine uptake rates in many resource-limited countries. Ensuring boys and girls receive their first dose is a big challenge in several countries and a majority of adolescents are not able to complete the recommended series due to a lack of intensive infrastructure needed to administer two or three doses," Deshmukh said. "If ongoing clinical trials provide evidence regarding sustained benefits of a one-dose regimen, then implications of single-dose strategy could be substantial for reducing the burden of these cancers globally."

Although the study participants included only women, the CDC recommends a two-dose regimen for all children starting the series before age 15 or a three-dose regimen if the series is started between ages 16 to 26. The latest generation of HPV vaccine can protect against nearly 90% of cancer-causing HPV infections. Yet, current vaccinations rates are less than ideal - half of the people in the U.S. are not vaccinated against this common sexually transmitted infection.

"The current HPV vaccine dosing regimen can be cumbersome for people to understand. If one dose is proven effective in trials, the vaccine regimen will be simplified. This will help improve the coverage rate among adolescents that are currently below the Healthy People 2020 goal and possibly will also increase the momentum of uptake in the newly approved age group," said lead author Kalyani Sonawane, PhD, who is an assistant professor at UTHealth School of Public Health.

For further reference log on to:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.18571