Vaccine may replace blood thinners to reduce stroke recurrence

Written by Medha Baranwal Baranwal Published On 2018-10-31T20:20:08+05:30 | Updated On 31 Oct 2018 8:20 PM IST

People who have had a stroke caused by a blood clot (ischemic strokes) often need to take medications that make their blood less likely to clot, which helps prevent another stroke. Now, a new study published in the journal Hypertension suggests that vaccine might replace oral blood thinners to reduce secondary stroke risk caused by blood clots, without triggering an autoimmune response or increasing the risk of serious bleeding.

Tomohiro Kawano, From the Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan, and colleagues designed an antiplatelet vaccine that inhibited S100A9 (S100 calcium-binding protein A9)/CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) signaling in platelets, which was reported to be a key signal in arterial thrombosis, but not hemostasis.

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The researchers successfully tested the experimental vaccine in mice and found that it provided protection against blood clots for more than two months without increasing the risk of bleeding or causing an autoimmune response. The lack of an autoimmune response is important because it means the mice's immune system did not perceive the vaccine as an "intruder" that needed to be attacked, which would have caused a reaction to the vaccine.

The vaccine, S100A9, inhibits blood clot formation and, during the study, protected the arteries of treated mice from forming new clots for more than two months, and additionally, worked as well as the oral blood thinner clopidogrel in a major artery, according to Hironori Nakagami, study co-author and professor at Osaka University, in Japan.

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"Developing a vaccine to replace and/or compliment daily, oral medications might save many lives and help prevent both secondary strokes and possibly heart attacks," Nakagami said in a press release.

"Many stroke patients don't take their blood thinning drugs as prescribed, which makes it more likely they will have another stroke. This vaccine might one day help solve this issue since it would only need to be injected periodically," Nakagami said.

"We are continuing our research in hopes of being able to start clinical trials between five and ten years from now, but there are differences between mice and humans in how the vaccine will be recognized by the immune system," he said. "We should be able to overcome such problems and believe this vaccine provides a very promising strategy in the secondary prevention of stroke."

For further reference log on to https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11316

Bleedingblood clotblood thinnersHironori NakagamiHypertension journalischemicresponseriskstrokeVaccine

Source : With inputs from Hypertension

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Medha Baranwal Baranwal