Rare case of Isolated unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery, a report

Dr Kenji Kanno at Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Yokohama‐Rosai Hospital, Yokohama‐shi, Kanagawa, Japan and associates have reported a rare case of Isolated unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery. The case has been published in journal of Clinical Case Reports.

Isolated Isolated unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare malformation. It is associated with respiratory symptoms, such as dyspnea or hemoptysis. The authors suggest that surgical treatment should be positively considered in patients with UAPA who are severely symptomatic and who have no other cardiovascular or respiratory comorbidities. absence of the pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare malformation. It is associated with respiratory symptoms, such as dyspnea or hemoptysis. We suggest that surgical treatment should be positively considered in patients with UAPA who are severely symptomatic and who have no other cardiovascular or respiratory comorbidities.

A 41‐year‐old Japanese man was referred to us because of hemoptysis. Chest roentgenogram showed a mediastinal shift with no consolidations (Figure 1). Chest‐enhanced computed tomography showed the absence of the left pulmonary artery from its origin, but the presence of a multitude of small vessels at the hilum from the bronchial left internal thoracic and left inferior phrenic arteries (Figure 2). No other cardiovascular malformations were detected. The diagnosis was isolated unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery (UAPA), which we considered to be the cause of the hemoptysis. He underwent left pneumonectomy, as there was no main pulmonary artery. In contrast, pulmonary venous drainage was anatomically normal. He had no recurrent symptoms during 21 months of follow‐up.

Unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery is a rare anomaly and usually occurs in association with other cardiovascular malformations. It is associated with respiratory symptoms, such as dyspnea or hemoptysis; however, approximately 30% of patients with UAPA remain asymptomatic. One study reported successful selective embolization for UAPA with hemoptysis. Besides that, surgical treatments, such as lobectomy or pneumonectomy, are considered for patients with UAPA who are severely symptomatic. Our patient has been free of hemoptysis after pneumonectomy and experiences no dyspnea even with exercise.