New Indian Guideline on continuous glucose monitoring

• CGM helps patients with diabetes to understand blood glucose fluctuations caused by factors such as physical activity, diet, stress and hypoglycaemic treatment, thus imparting a healthy lifestyle and highest potential to assist with prandial insulin. It supports to increase treatment compliance and encourage more effective interactions between patient and physician.


• Adults with T1DM: Patients with a history of severe hypoglycaemia or repeated hypoglycaemia, asymptomatic hypoglycaemia, and nocturnal hypoglycaemia, refractory hyperglycaemia especially fasting, large blood glucose excursions are benefited by this.
  
  
  
  • Spread awareness about hypoglycaemia and to assist in the correction of hyperglycaemia in patients, not at target.
  
  
  • Strongly recommended that user must know the CGM execution and real-time data interpretation. It must be used on a near‑daily basis to achieve and maintain HbA1c targets effectively.
  
  
  
  


• Children with T1DM: similar as in adult T1DM. CGM use in children is lower than in adults. Therefore, more in-depth training and more frequent follow-up are required and strongly recommended to allow children to adopt the technology more successfully.


• Adults with T2DM who are receiving insulin therapy including multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion may also benefit from CGM, especially patients who experience hypoglycaemia while struggling to maintain their HbA1c <7%.


• Patients with T2DM and on intensive insulin regimens or insulin/sulphonylureas, glinides are strongly recommended for CGM.


• In patients with T2DM and at low risk for hypoglycaemia, CGM is recommended based on treating physician’s decision.


• Gestational diabetes: CGM during pregnancy can be a useful teaching tool, to assess and evaluate glucose pattern and for perfect insulin dosing. In these patients, CGM should be accompanied with blood glucose monitoring (BGM), primarily to monitor nocturnal hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia and post-prandial hyperglycaemia.


• Diabetes gastroparesis, fulminant patients with T1DM and other particular types of patients with diabetes: CGM can be used to understand the characteristics and fluctuation patterns of their blood glucose profile. It is also useful in other endocrine and metabolic disorders including insulinoma.

This document provides a comprehensive review of the current literature on SMBG and presents the recommendations made by the expert panel. Availability of continuous glucose data for diabetes patient with low‑ and high‑glucose alerts helps to personalise the diabetic treatment and helps to improve diabetes care outcome.

For further reference log on to :

Chawla M, Saboo B, Jha S, Bhandari S, Kumar P, Kesavadev J, Munjal Y P, Viswanathan M, Unnikrishnan R, Katswar V, Arun N, Sosale B, Anjana R M, Hasnani D. Consensus and Recommendations on Continuous Glucose Monitoring. J Diabetol. 2019;10:4-14. doi: 10.4103/jod.jod_45_18.