Morning exercise improves decision-making across the day in elderly

Morning bout of moderate-intensity exercise improves cognitive performance like decision-making across the day in elderly, finds a new study.

A morning session of exercise combined with brief light-intensity walking breaks to frequently disrupt sitting throughout an 8-hour day can boost short-term memory compared to uninterrupted sitting, according to the study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Physical activity researcher, Michael Wheeler says the study highlights that uninterrupted sitting should be avoided to maintain optimal cognition across the day, and that moderate-intensity exercise such as a brisk walk should be encouraged for the daily maintenance of brain health.

Exercise is a recognized strategy central to the prevention, treatment, and management of a number of diseases including diabetes. Aerobic exercise makes heart and bones strong, relieves stress and improves blood circulation.

The 'Brain Breaks' study, led by the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute and The University of Western Australia, also shows that the distinct responses in cognitive performance to exercise versus exercise and sitting breaks point to different patterns of physical activity being able to enhance distinct aspects of cognition.

The study of more than 65 males and females aged 55 - 80 years examined the effects of acute morning exercise on a treadmill with and without brief 3 minute walking breaks during an 8-hour day of prolonged sitting, and assessed aspects of cognition and concentration including psychomotor function; attention; executive function such as decision-making; visual learning and working memory.

Central to mediating the benefits of exercise on learning and memory is a brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor, a protein which plays an important role in the survival and growth of information-transmitting neurons in the brain. The results demonstrated that this protein was elevated for 8 hours during both exercise conditions, relative to prolonged sitting.

The study reveals that not all aspects of cognition respond in the same way to a given dose of exercise and that it may be possible to manipulate the pattern of activity across the day to optimize specific cognitive outcomes.

"With an aging population which is looking to live healthier for longer, these studies are critical to people enjoying a productive and satisfying quality of life," Michael says.

"This study highlights how relatively simple changes to your daily routine could have a significant benefit to your cognitive health. It also reveals that one day we may be able to do specific types of exercise to enhance specific cognitive skills such as memory or learning."