Antibiotic Guideline for Central Nervous System Infections
In 2016 National Centre For Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India came out with National Treatment Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Infectious Diseases.
Following are major recommendation
Central Nervous System Infections:
| Condition | Likely Causative Organisms | Empiric antibiotics (presumptive antibiotics) | Alternative antibiotics | Comments |
| Acute bacterial Meningitis | S. pneumoniae, H.influenzae, Neisseria meningititidis | Ceftriaxone 2 g IV 12hourly/ Cefotaxime 2 g IV 4-6hourly 10-14 days treatment | Chloramphenicol if patient is allergic to penicillin | Antibiotics should be started as soon as the possibility of bacterial meningitis becomes evident, ideally within 30 minutes. Do not wait for CT scan or LP results. No need to add vancomycin as primary agent, as ceftriaxone resistant Pneumococcus is not common in India. Listeria is also rare in India and so ampicillin is also not indicated Adjust therapy once pathogen and susceptibilities are known. |
| Meningitis-Postneurosurgeryor Penetratinghead trauma | Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii | Meropenem 2gm IV 8 hourly AND Vancomycin 15mg/kg IV 8 hourly For 14 days. | May need intra ventricular therapy in severe cases | |
| Meningitis with basilar skull fractures | S.pneumoniae, H. influenzae | Ceftriaxone 2gm IV 12 hourly For 14 days | Dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg IV 6 hourlyfor 2-4days (1st dose with or before first antibiotic dose) | |
| Brain abscess, Subdural empyema | Streptococci, Bacteroides, Enterobacteria-ceae, S.aureus | Ceftriaxone 2 gm IV 12hourly or Cefotaxime 2 gm IV 4-6hourly AND Metronidazole 1 gm IV 12hourly Duration of treatment to be decided by clinical & radiological response, minimum two months required. | Meropenem 2gm IV 8hourly | Exclude TB, Nocardia, Aspergillus, Mucor If abscess <2.5cm & patient neurologically stable, await response to antibiotics. Otherwise, consider aspiration/surgical drainageand modify antibiotics as per sensitivity of aspirated/drained secretions. |
You can read the full Guideline by clicking on the following link :
http://www.ncdc.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/AMR_guideline7001495889.pdf
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