Tapeworm drug fights prostate cancer

Cancer researchers at the University of Bergen (UiB) in Norway have in the recent years experienced with hundreds of known drugs, to see how they influence cancer cells.

Recently they found that a substance in medicine against parasites like Giardia and Tapeworms, acts like tailored medicine against prostate- and colon cancer.

"We discovered that this specific substance is blocking the signaling pathway in the cancer cells, and make them stop growing. It is not often that researchers discover a substance that targets specific molecules as precisely as this one, " says Professor Karl-Henning Kalland at the Department of Clinical Science, at UiB. He is the leader of the research group.

Hyperactive cells

The researchers at Kalland team saw that the cells in the prostate- and colon cancer contain high amounts of activated Beta-catenin. Activation of this protein makes the cells go amok and divides at a high tempo. In addition, Beta-catenin makes the cancer cells more resistant and more able for survival.

In the study, the researchers discovered that it was the substance NTZ (nitazoxanide), a well known and approved the anti-parasite drug, that decomposes the activated Beta-catenin.

"We are the first researchers who have mapped the complex molecular mechanisms involved in this process," Kalland says.

Recycling old medicines

Experiments with well-known drugs show that a medicine may have different and unknown targets in the cells.

"The advantage of testing already approved drugs, is that we know they work in the human body and have no serious side effects, which means that a future treatment may happen quicker," Kalland explains.

Strengthen the immune system

NTZ attacks cancer celles by hindering the activated Beta-catenin. It appears that this hindering also stimulates central parts of the immune system, that attacks cancer cells.

"At the moment, we are working on how to strengthen our ongoing immune therapy against prostate cancer by using the mechanisms we discovered of the NTZ," Kalland says.

Kalland and his research team are in the first phase in a clinical trial using immune therapy against prostate cancer.

For more details click on the link: Yi Qu, Jan Roger Olsen, Xing Yuan, Phil F Cheng, Mitchell P Levesque, Karl A Brokstad, Paul S Hoffman, Anne Margrete Oyan, Weidong Zhang, Karl-Henning Kalland, Xisong Ke. Small molecule promotes β-catenin citrullination and inhibits Wnt signaling in cancer. Nature Chemical Biology, 2017; DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2510