PET/CT differentiates prostate cancer from healthy tissue by new method

According to American Cancer Society, one in nine men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime therefore early diagnosis is key to successful treatment. In order to achieve this goal, German researchers have been able to accurately differentiate cancerous tissue from healthy tissue in prostate cancer patients using nuclear medicine. They have generated a cutoff SUV_max, validated by immunohistochemistry, for separating prostate cancer from normal prostate tissue by ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT images.The research findings have been highlighted in the February issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

The new study demonstrates that the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) on Gallium-68 prostate specific membrane antigen (⁶⁸Ga-PSMA) PET/CT scans correlates with PSMA-expression in primary prostate cancer. By this means, researchers were able to generate an SUV_max cutoff for the differentiation of cancerous and benign prostate tissue.

"To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to generate a cutoff SUV_max, validated by immunohistochemistry, for separating prostate cancer from normal prostate tissue by ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT images," explains Vikas Prasad, MD, PhD, of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin in Germany. "Our SUV_max cutoff can be used to confirm or rule out prostate cancer with a very high degree of sensitivity and specificity."

He points out, "Recent years have brought tremendous advances in image-based biopsy of the prostate. However, in many patients, histopathology may not yield correct diagnosis (e.g., if the tumor is missed during true-cut biopsy). This is especially true for multifocal prostate cancer, less aggressive tumors, and cases of prostatitis or prior prostate irradiation, where MRI alone may not give the correct localization and malignancy grade."

For the study, the data of 31 men (mean age of 67.2 years) who had undergone prostatectomies and preoperative PET scans were analyzed, with the SUV_max generated for suspicious areas and visually normal tissue. Both cancerous and benign prostate tissue samples (62 total) were stained with monoclonal anti-PSMA antibody. All the cancerous lesions could be confirmed histopathologically. The best cut-off value was determined to be 3.15 (sensitivity 97 percent, specificity 90 percent).

Prasad notes, "This validated cutoff of 3.15 for SUV_max enables the diagnosis of prostate cancer with a high sensitivity and specificity in both unifocal and multifocal disease." Looking ahead, he posits, "With advancement of image-registration/segmentation software and PET/MRI scanners, it is quite logical to predict that in the future PET images and SUV_max on a suspicious lesion in the prostate will be used for multimodal image-guided fusion biopsy."