New Zika vaccine may protect both mom and fetus
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has recently emerged and caused major epidemics. An important goal of the Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine is to prevent a congenital syndrome in fetuses of pregnant women, but studies directly evaluating maternal vaccination for ZIKV are lacking.
World Health Organization (WHO) has declared ZIKV as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in February 2016. Since then, various ZIKV vaccine platforms have been developed, with the goal to control future epidemics and to prevent the congenital syndrome.
Researchers from The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston showed, for the first time, that a single, higher dose of vaccination to a pregnant mouse safely protects both her and her fetus from the Zika virus. The researchers found that a single, less potent dose was not enough to protect the fetus. The findings are currently available in Nature Communications.
"Preventing birth defects in developing fetuses is an important goal of the Zika virus vaccine but studies on vaccinations in pregnant females have been lacking, raising a number of important questions that are critical to the clinical development and regulatory approval of Zika vaccines," said UTMB's Pei-Yong Shi, senior author and the I.H. Kempner professor at the department of biochemistry and molecular biology. "Could vaccination during pregnancy protect against infection and transmission to the fetus? Does pregnancy affect immune responses to Zika vaccination? Does maternal immunity from vaccination during pregnancy protect newborns against infection?"
Shi and his laboratory previously developed a Zika vaccine and continue studies to improve its efficacy.
In addition to protecting both mother and fetus, Shi said that the researchers also learned that their live-attenuated vaccine has an excellent safety profile in pregnant female mice and her fetus. For example, they saw no adverse effects on pregnancy, fetal development or infant behaviour. They also found that pregnancy weakens the mother's immune response to the vaccination, suggesting that a higher dose of the vaccine or a more immunogenic vaccine is needed during pregnancy. Taken together, their results suggest that their vaccine may be considered for both pregnant and non-pregnant people.
For more details click on the link: DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13589-1
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